Understanding the Difference Between Records and Structs in C#

In C#, both records and structs are used to create user-defined types that can contain multiple members. However, they have some key differences that make them suitable for different scenarios. Let's delve into these differences.

What is a Struct?

A struct, or structure, is a value type in C#. It is used to encapsulate small groups of related variables. Here is an example of a struct:

public struct Point
{
    public int X { get; set; }
    public int Y { get; set; }
}

Key Features of Structs

• Value Type: Structs are value types. When a struct is assigned to a new variable, a copy of the value is made.
• No Inheritance: Structs cannot inherit from other structs or classes, and they cannot be the base of a class.
• No Null Values: A struct cannot be null unless it's a nullable type.

What is a Record?

Records were introduced in C# 9.0 as a way to create immutable reference types. Here is an example of a record:

public record Point(int X, int Y);

Key Features of Records

• Reference Type: Records are reference types. When a record is assigned to a new variable, both variables point to the same object.
• Immutability: Records are immutable by default. This means once a record object is created, it cannot be changed.
• Value Equality: Records use value equality. Two record objects are equal if their types are identical and all property values are equal.

Comparing Structs and Records

Conclusion

While both structs and records have their uses, they serve different purposes in C#. Structs are best for small, simple objects where performance is a concern, while records are ideal for larger, more complex objects where immutability and value semantics are more important.

Remember, choosing between a struct and a record depends on what you need for your specific use case. Happy coding!